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Essays on FORMER SOVIET UNION: POST-1990
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DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA.
Term Paper ID:30421
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Essay Subject:
Examines era of the 1990s as a complicated transitional period from Communism to political democracy.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
7 sources, 14 Citations,
APA Format
$28.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines era of the 1990s as a complicated transitional period from Communism to political democracy. Problems of changing a unitary state into a federalist democracy; inability to collect taxes, economic stagnantion. The influence of the Russian Mafia. Examines growth of organized crime and its control of business companies. Democracy as an outside force.
Paper Introduction:
FROM COMMUNISM TO POLITICAL DEMOCRACY THE RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE
INTRODUCTION:
The entire development of Russia starting in 1990 until today has been a complicated transitional period: the transformation of a unitary state into a federalist democracy.
Democracy has been hurt by many of Boris Yeltsin's economic reforms. His attempt to move from public to private ownership was fraught with problems. During the last five years of Yeltsin's presidency, domestic production dropped 41 percent and unemployment rose 7 percent. Rampant inflation which caused prices to rise as much as 2,500 percent has at times made food and other necessities unaffordable. Statistics show that 20 percent of Russians are now living under the official poverty level. Some Russians wish for the days of Communism where at
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THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY.
Term Paper ID:30332
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Essay Subject:
Discusses Russia's transition to a western-style Capitalist country after 1991.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
5 sources, 8 Citations,
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$20.00
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses Russia's transition to a western-style Capitalist country after 1991. Russian socialist system development of a market economy built on legal (collective farm markets) and illegal (underground) market economy. Population statistics. Economic data. GDP. Investing in Russia. Foreign trade. Russian budget deficits. Labor force. Exports/Imports. External debt.
Paper Introduction:
Since the time of the failed coup attempt in 1991, the Russian economy has been in a transition to a Western-style capitalist country. This only partially identifies the goal, since there are several different types of Western capitalist country. Each of the Western models is sufficiently similar, though, that the path taken by the Russian socialist system will be clearly in a new direction (Leitzel, 1995, 1).
Russia developed a market economy and has included capitalist-style behavior for as much as 25 percent of all economic activity in the pre-reform USSR, some of which was even legal. The legal portion was dominated by collective farm markets. Prices at these markets were more or less unregulated. In addition, some 100,000 Soviet citizens engaged legally in small-scale crafts and trades. The rest of the Soviet market
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CHECHEN-RUSSIAN CONFLICT.
Term Paper ID:29910
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Essay Subject:
Discusses historical legacy of Chechen-Russian relations.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
6 sources, 39 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses historical legacy of Chechen-Russian relations. Stalin & USSR policy. Growth of nationalism & ethnic independence. President Yeltsin & 1994 Russian invanion of Chechnya & the ensuing war. Politics & objectives of Dudayev's regime & establishment of free economic zone in Chechen. Yeltin's economic blocade. Chechen gangs. Unpopularity of Chechen War in Russia.
Paper Introduction:
“In the Caucasian Wars of the nineteenth century "the policy chosen was one of total attack, leaving the natives no option but to resist as desperately as they could" (Gall and De Waal 50).
Since the late eighteenth century dozens of Russian military campaigns have been launched against the tiny North Caucasian region of Chechnya and its neighbors. Throughout that span of time the struggles between Russians and Chechens have produced extraordinary efforts of both resistance and repression. In the nineteenth century Imam Shamil, in 25 years of resistance against the Tsars, waged what is probably the longest guerrilla war in history. The Chechen people revolted against the Soviet state more frequently than any other people, and the struggle included "uprisings in 1922, 1924 and 1925 and continued well into the 1930s (Lapidus 8). In the 1940s Stalin, fearful of Chechen colla
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RUSSIAN OIL INDUSTRY.
Term Paper ID:29152
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Essay Subject:
High level of oil production.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
12 sources, 28 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
High level of oil production. Russia as the world's single, largest non-OPEC oil exporter. Privatization since the mid-1990s and U.S. investment for exploration, equipment and rehabilitation of oil fields. Planned Caspian Sea Pipeline. Russia's defiance of OPEC policies. Russia's untapped oil reserves and the country's continued economy recovery growth. Major Russian oil and gas companies. 3 Tables.
Paper Introduction:
Russian Oil Industry
Introduction
Russia is currently the world’s single-largest non-OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) oil exporter, with 10 percent of currently known reserves and 9 percent of world output (Aron, 2002). For about a decade, the Russian oil sector has been privatized, leading since the mid-1990s to a US$5 billion wave of investment in exploration, equipment, and rehabilitation of oil fields damaged by Soviet policies (Aron, 2002). According to analyst Leon Aron (2002), the shift from government-controlled to privatized oil production has resulted in a 15 percent production increase in the past two years and an anticipated increase of 11 percent in 2002 over 2201. In fact, in February of 2002, Russia pumped more oil than Saudi Arabia.
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BELRAUS & UKRAINE.
Term Paper ID:28298
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Essay Subject:
Political & economic problems & struggles faced by 2 emerging nations after Soviet collapse. Different approaches to growth.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
9 sources, 27 Citations,
APA Format
$28.00
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Paper Abstract:
Political & economic problems & struggles faced by 2 emerging nations after Soviet collapse. Different approaches to growth.
Paper Introduction:
In the troubled aftermath of the Soviet collapse, newly independent, sovereign nations Belarus and Ukraine have sustained a similar array of political and economic woes. Decades of Soviet rule have rendered both Belarus and Ukraine ill-equipped to adopt stable, functioning, and least of all democratic, governments. Today, the political climate of these nations is ghastly; in Belarus, authoritarian president Alexander Lukashenko is in his sixth year of a subversive, autocratic presidency (Time International, 1999, p. 42). In Ukraine, Leonid Kuchma won re-election to the presidency after a campaign rife with political violence, murder, and censorship of the media (The Economist, 1999, p. 19). On the economic front, each nation has endured wild inflation, lack of foreign investment, and declining standards of living.
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Russian Economic Problems
Term Paper ID:27194
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Essay Subject:
Identifies the important individuals most associated with each economic perspective & the major dimensions & assumptions of their strategies for creating a market economy on the rubble of the Soviet system in Russia.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
10 sources, 17 Citations,
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$36.00
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Paper Abstract:
Identifies the important individuals most associated with each economic perspective & the major dimensions & assumptions of their strategies for creating a market economy on the rubble of the Soviet system in Russia.
Paper Introduction:
Introduction
In a recent essay on the dramatic economic difficulties facing the former Soviet Union, Alexander Yakovlev, an intellectual architect of Gorbachev's Perestroika reform program, stated that "By placing Marxist-Leninist theory above reality, above life, we managed to cripple life itself. By embracing the views of Friedrich von Hayek and Milton Friedman without making any adjustments for Russian realities, we risk falling into the trap of imposing on Russian life programs that, although inherently sensible, may not be suited to Russian exigencies."[1]
This paragraph succinctly summarizes the debate now exploding across Russia as to the appropriate strategy and direction of economic reform. On the one side are the proponents of "shock therapy," often associated by its critics with a missionary,
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Russian Revolution
Term Paper ID:27134
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Essay Subject:
Argues that the recent Russian Revolution, like that of 1917, is an attempt to restructure Soviet society. States that new revolution attacks complex bureaucratic structure & the stagnation & personal invasion created by it.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
4 sources, 16 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Argues that the recent Russian Revolution, like that of 1917, is an attempt to restructure Soviet society. States that new revolution attacks complex bureaucratic structure & the stagnation & personal invasion created by it.
Paper Introduction:
The Russian Revolution in 1917 was accomplished through the violent overthrow of the existing government, followed by the complete restructuring of Soviet society. The recent revolution in the Soviet Union was largely bloodless up until the aborted hard-liner response, an attempt to retake the government from the liberal forces then in power. The result of this aborted take-over was quite the opposite of what was intended. Instead of returning conservatives to power, the attempt assured power to even more liberal forces. Once again, Russian society is being restructured, along with the dissolution of the union of the various Russian republics. The seeds of this new revolution can be found in the society of the Soviet Union over its history, a society that was tightly controlled by a growing and complex bureaucracy which intruded into every facet of life. The new
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RUSSIAN & U.S. ECONOMIES.
Term Paper ID:26423
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Essay Subject:
Describes & compares health of national economies, as of April, 1999.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
6 sources, 7 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Describes & compares health of national economies, as of April, 1999.
Paper Introduction:
Introduction
Since the mid-1980s, the economic system in the former Soviet Union has ostensibly moved toward a more open and capitalistic system. The implementation of capitalism has met with varying degrees of success in the various states which have emerged from the former Soviet Union. In Russia, the once centrally planned economy gave way to markets which were much more open, but the results of those open markets was decidedly mixed. As the Russian economy has encountered problems in recent years, there have been calls for a return to an economic system which is more planned than that which currently exists. This research examines the economic systems of Russia and the United States as a new millenium begins.
The Economic Environment in Russia
In general, Russia wa
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CRISES IN RUSSIA IN 1998.
Term Paper ID:26152
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Essay Subject:
Examines major political shake-ups, Yeltsin's appointments & struggle with State Duma, economic crisis, U.S. policy.... More...
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4 Pages / 900 Words
3 sources, 4 Citations,
MLA Format
$16.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines major political shake-ups, Yeltsin's appointments & struggle with State Duma, economic crisis, U.S. policy.
Paper Introduction:
Critics of the transformation of Russia point to a number of current problems they attribute to capitalism, such as rampant organized crime, official corruption, inability to pay members of the armed forces, a high unemployment rate, and high prices for certain goods. Many of these problems might have developed in any case. At the same time, in spite of these problems, it would seem that the move to a capitalist economy is not likely to change unless the masses become even more disenchanted with the system than they are now. The communists tried to appeal to voter discontent in the recent election and failed. The people may decry aspects of the new market economy, but they are still dedicated both to reform and to stability. Continuing down the road to reform is seen as a way of maintaining stability, and any change in direction is seen as dangerous. Capitalism in some form
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RUSSIAN ECONOMIC CRISIS OF 1990S.
Term Paper ID:25963
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Essay Subject:
Examines causes, domestic & global effects, threat of debt default, politics, reform, trade, foreign investment, ruble, banking, hedge funds.... More...
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13 Pages / 2925 Words
13 sources, 21 Citations,
MLA Format
$52.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines causes, domestic & global effects, threat of debt default, politics, reform, trade, foreign investment, ruble, banking, hedge funds.
Paper Introduction:
INTRODUCTION
The possible default of Russia on her debt has precipitated a crisis around the world, and coming at the same time as the Asian crisis, this may be a devastating second-tier of financial woe with effects far from Moscow. The Russian crisis has already affected investment in certain hedge funds and has frightened a number of analysts who realize what more could happen if the crisis is not resolved. Many Americans see Russia as far away and not related to American interests since the downfall of the Soviet threat, but this is not the case. The Russian crisis has already had an effect on the American economy and may have an even greater one. This may or may not be an argument for bailing Russia out, but it is certainly cause for some concern.
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FALL OF SOVIET UNION.
Term Paper ID:25738
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Essay Subject:
Examines reasons for 1991 Soviet collapse, communist ideology, global, economic, political & social challenges for successor states, nationalistic & ethnic ferment.... More...
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12 Pages / 2700 Words
18 sources, 32 Citations,
APA Format
$48.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines reasons for 1991 Soviet collapse, communist ideology, global, economic, political & social challenges for successor states, nationalistic & ethnic ferment.
Paper Introduction:
SOVIET SUCCESSOR STATES
This research paper discusses various aspects of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, including the reasons why the communist system and ideology in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) failed, the legacy bequeathed by communism to the successor states which emerged, the political, economic and social challenges that arose in those states and how those states responded to those challenges.
A number of inter-related factors led to the disintegration of the Soviet system and empire, including the woeful inadequacy of the totalitarian police state, dogmatic communist ideology and centralized planned economy which evolved after the Russian Revolution of 1917 in preparing the Soviet Union to meet the requirements of the late 20th century, international developments
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FREE MARKET REFORMS IN RUSSIA.
Term Paper ID:25113
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Essay Subject:
Political, economic & historical background, leadership, gradualism, wages, privatization, ethics, risk, banking.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
10 sources, 25 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Political, economic & historical background, leadership, gradualism, wages, privatization, ethics, risk, banking.
Paper Introduction:
FREE MARKET REFORMS IN RUSSIA
This research reviews free market reforms in the Russian Federation. Where appropriate, the focus of this review is on the banking industry.
The emergence of the Russian Republic as an international player in its own right has occurred since 1991. With the demise of the Soviet Union, the former Soviet Socialist Republics became politically sovereign nations, among which was the Russian Federation, which includes the Republic of Russia and other autonomous republics. Hopes and dreams ran high in newly independent Russia, where the citizenry expected foreign investors to set up factories that would transform cheap raw materials from Russia into manufactured goods for export to other European countries. As is true of most dreams, things look different in the c
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SECRET POLICE IN COMMUNIST EASTERN EUROPE.
Term Paper ID:24979
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Essay Subject:
Examines power & effectiveness in controlling dissent in Soviet-era East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia & Hungary.... More...
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12 Pages / 2700 Words
14 sources, 24 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Examines power & effectiveness in controlling dissent in Soviet-era East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia & Hungary.
Paper Introduction:
POWERS OF THE SECRET POLICE IN COMMUNIST EAST CENTRAL EUROPE
This research paper discusses the powers of the secret police in the communist-controlled nations of East Central Europe--East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary--and their role in controlling the populations of these countries during the Cold War.
Introduction
In his speech of March 4, 1946 in Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill said the following:
From Stettin on the Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line all the capitals of the ancient States of Central and Eastern Europe -East Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia. All these famous cities and
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CIVIL WAR IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA.
Term Paper ID:24757
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Essay Subject:
Examines economic, political, cultural, religious, ethnic & psycho-emotional roots of conflict among Serbs, Croations & Muslims. History, leadership, issues, negotiations.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
8 sources, 11 Citations,
APA Format
$36.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines economic, political, cultural, religious, ethnic & psycho-emotional roots of conflict among Serbs, Croations & Muslims. History, leadership, issues, negotiations.
Paper Introduction:
Reports from the former Yugoslavia of civil war, the siege of cities such as Vukovar and Sarajevo, and such atrocities such as ethnic cleansing - another euphemism for genocide - and camps where women are kept with the sole purpose of being raped by their captors, have been recurrent items in the news media. The media have offered little insight, however, into the intricacy of the conflict. The inherent complexity of the situation has been increased by the poorly defined conception of the three parties involved regarding their motives. The Serbs, the Croatians and the Muslims have each been portrayed as both the aggressors and the victims of the conflict.
The actions of these three parties have been commonly understood, if not accepted, as the manifestation of centuries-old ethnic tensions exacerbated by, and allowed undisciplined expre
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REPUBLIC OF RUSSIA.
Term Paper ID:24653
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Essay Subject:
Examines economics & politics after Soviet break-up. Resources, fiscal policy, industry & investment, taxes.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
7 sources, 13 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines economics & politics after Soviet break-up. Resources, fiscal policy, industry & investment, taxes.
Paper Introduction:
Introduction
With the breakup of the Soviet Union, there has been considerable interest in the future of the Russian Republic. Composed of the greater part of the Soviet Union, and headed by an embattled Boris Yeltsin, this republic has received the bulk of the world's attention and assistance as the former Soviet republics try to build new economies. Much has been made of the Russian republic's attempts at capitalism, which has been accompanied by a significant increase in the level of organized crime and by an increase not only of middle class citizens, but also of those who fall below the poverty line. This research examines the current state of economic development in Russia and considers the nation's future direction.
Gross Domestic Product and the New Independent States
The stress of moving
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CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA.
Term Paper ID:24475
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Essay Subject:
Examines problems & promises of economic reform in transition from communism to free market.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
6 sources, 12 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines problems & promises of economic reform in transition from communism to free market.
Paper Introduction:
The recent revolution in the Soviet Union was largely bloodless. Once again, Russian society is being restructured, along with the dissolution of the union of the various Russian republics. The seeds of this new revolution can be found in the society of the Soviet Union over its history, a society that was tightly controlled by a growing and complex bureaucracy which intruded into every facet of life. The new revolution has attacked this bureaucratic structure, showing an awareness that much of the stagnation in soviet society derived from this central core and from the way in which it moved outward to encompass virtually everything in Soviet society. The issue to be faced is what sort of economic and social structure would be best for Russia. Attempts are under way to introduce and solidify democracy and capitalism, but for many in Russia the
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ALCOHOLISM IN RUSSIA.
Term Paper ID:24321
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Essay Subject:
Incidence, effects of govt. anti-alcohol policy, socioeconomics, human & health costs, consumption, demographics, cultural aspects.... More...
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22 Pages / 4950 Words
17 sources, 51 Citations,
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$88.00
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Paper Abstract:
Incidence, effects of govt. anti-alcohol policy, socioeconomics, human & health costs, consumption, demographics, cultural aspects.
Paper Introduction:
SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC RAMIFICATIONS OF ALCOHOLISM IN RUSSIA
Introduction
This research examines the political and economic ramifications of the problem of alcoholism in Russia. The question to which an answer is sought is as follows: “Is government intervention against alcoholism an advisable policy in Russia in 1997?”
Russia’s Emergence
The emergence of the Russian Republic as an international player in its own right has occurred since 1991 (Sachs, 1994, pp. 14-16). With the demise of the Soviet Union, the former Soviet Socialist Republics became politically sovereign nations, among which was the Republic of Russia. Hopes and dreams ran high in
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CASPIAN SEA OIL & INTERNATIONAL THEORY.
Term Paper ID:24281
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Essay Subject:
Examines realism, rationalism & regime theory, hegemony & cooperation; applies theories to analysis of national representation in Azerbaijan International Operating Consortium.... More...
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12 Pages / 2700 Words
9 sources, 30 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines realism, rationalism & regime theory, hegemony & cooperation; applies theories to analysis of national representation in Azerbaijan International Operating Consortium.
Paper Introduction:
NATIONAL REPRESENTATION IN THE AZERBAIJAN INTERNATIONAL OPERATING CONSORTIUM
Introduction
This research analyzes the national representation in the Azerbaijan International Operating Consortium (AIOC). The AIOC is one of two consortia involved in the development of the petroleum resources in the Caspian Sea region (Gorst, 1997, pp. 33-34). The other consortium is the older Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). The CPC is engaged primarily in the development of a pipeline system to transport Caspian Sea petroleum to the Mediterranean area, while the AIOC is involved primarily in the extraction of the petroleum.
Competition is fierce for participation shares in the AIOC. Petroleum companies—either state-owned or private sector—from the
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SOVIET GOVT. SUBSYSTEMS.
Term Paper ID:24268
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Essay Subject:
Examines goals, success & downfall of autocratic leaders from Lenin through Yeltsin, focusing on their reigns' political & economic subsystem.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
7 sources, 27 Citations,
MLA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Examines goals, success & downfall of autocratic leaders from Lenin through Yeltsin, focusing on their reigns' political & economic subsystem.
Paper Introduction:
In 1990, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics officially disbanded. Since 1990, the Soviet Union has passed into a short-lived commonwealth and finally into a region of independent states still in large part influenced by Russian hegemony in economic development, size, and communications. The Soviet Army is disbanded, and occupation troops no longer keep order in Eurasia, but ever-weakening Belarus applied for reunion, and Chechnia found that bombs are still the classic Russian answer to dissidence.
The Soviet Union may have passed, but the Soviet system remains. It is not a political system; rather, it is and was an intrinsically Russian system of autocratic rule (Lowenhardt 52-53). Styled Soviet by the Bolsheviks in 1917, it was the natural 20th century evolution of Czarist Russia. Its current
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INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA.
Term Paper ID:23973
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Essay Subject:
Background, composition, leadership, powers, problems, criticism, politics of tribunal established by U.N. in 1993 to prosecute war crimes.... More...
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15 Pages / 3375 Words
11 sources, 36 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$60.00
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Paper Abstract:
Background, composition, leadership, powers, problems, criticism, politics of tribunal established by U.N. in 1993 to prosecute war crimes.
Paper Introduction:
On May 25, 1993, U.N. Security Council Resolution 827 established an international tribunal charged with prosecuting violations of international law arising from the armed conflicts in the former Yugoslavia. Not since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials, following World War II has an international court tried individuals accused of crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide. The International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTFY), which was established at The Hague, Netherlands, is widely seen as an important step toward the deterrence of crimes, the establishment of the firm rule of international law, and the promotion of world peace. Yet, from its inception, the tribunal has generated controversy among supporters and detractors. Among those who believe that the tribunal idea is sound, the principal concerns are that such an institution be established on a sound
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KING STEPHEN OF HUNGARY.
Term Paper ID:23904
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Essay Subject:
Life & career of leader crowned in 1000 A.D. Religion, politics, rise to power, national unification, canonization, succession issues.... More...
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12 Pages / 2700 Words
7 sources, 17 Citations,
MLA Format
$48.00
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Paper Abstract:
Life & career of leader crowned in 1000 A.D. Religion, politics, rise to power, national unification, canonization, succession issues.
Paper Introduction:
This paper is a biography of Stephen, crowned as the first king of Hungary on Christmas Day, 1000 AD. His coronation consolidated a collection of battling tribes into a recognized kingdom, aligned with the Roman pope. His monarchy lasted more than 900 years. Stephen, known as Istvan to his countrymen, established a series of reforms that set the pattern for Hungary's government. He also aggressively turned the nation into a Catholic country, wiping out the vestiges of paganism into which he himself was born. After his death, he was canonized as a Catholic saint, cementing recognition of his lasting influence in establishing Hungary as an important European power.
During the period at the end of the 10th century, Christianity had begun to take root throughout Europe. Though paganism was still strong, "the world around the Hungarians
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CZECH REPUBLIC'S ECONOMY.
Term Paper ID:23655
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Essay Subject:
Analyzes nation's transition from planned to market economy, theories, history, regional & global issues, politics.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
13 sources, 28 Citations,
APA Format
$28.00
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Paper Abstract:
Analyzes nation's transition from planned to market economy, theories, history, regional & global issues, politics.
Paper Introduction:
TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES: MOVING FROM A PLANNED TO A MARKET ECONOMY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Introduction
Five-to-six years after the collapse of state socialism in Central and Eastern Europe, democracy and free enterprise are spreading sporadically throughout the region (Brown, 1995, p. 25). By 1995, more than a third of economic output was being produced by the private sector, shortages had virtually disappeared, and financial fortunes were being accumulated by a new class of entrepreneurs in the former socialist economies of Eastern Europe. Brown (1995, p. 25) stated that: “The casual outside observer may be forgiven for assuming that it will be only a matter of time before these initially disadvantaged countries achieve sustained rates of economic growth and acquire the poli
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YUGOSLAV CONFLICT.
Term Paper ID:23535
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Essay Subject:
Analyzes history & evolution of ethnic/nationalist struggle through 1995, focusing on role of U.N. & international powers in resolution of conflict through military, diplomatic & humanitarian means.... More...
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27 Pages / 6075 Words
14 sources, 19 Citations,
APA Format
$108.00
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Paper Abstract:
Analyzes history & evolution of ethnic/nationalist struggle through 1995, focusing on role of U.N. & international powers in resolution of conflict through military, diplomatic & humanitarian means.
Paper Introduction:
Introduction
This paper presents a case study on conflict management, specifically the experience of the United Nations and other International Government Organizations (IGOs) in the Yugoslav conflict. The purpose of this case study is to describe, analyze and assess a particular conflict situation with a focus on the role played by the United Nations and other IGOs in attempts to manage the conflict and addresses the following specific questions: What is the issue at stake, who are the primary and secondary participants in the conflict, and how are the U.N. and other IGOs involved?
This paper is divided in several parts. The first part provides a historical background on Yugoslavia, prior to the outbreak of the conflict in the past decade. The second part
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ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN 1980S-1990S.
Term Paper ID:22840
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Essay Subject:
Examines causes & effects of political & military struggles in Bosnia, Pakistan, Kosovo (a province in Serbia).... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
9 sources, 22 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines causes & effects of political & military struggles in Bosnia, Pakistan, Kosovo (a province in Serbia).
Paper Introduction:
THE ROLE OF ETHNICITY IN CONTEMPORARY CONFLICTS
According to one observer, animosity among ethnic groups in the global context “is beginning to rival the spread of nuclear weapons as the most serious threat to peace that the world faces.” While conflicts based in ethnic tensions tend to be localized in setting, the implications for world peace typically have a much wider scope. The conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, as an example has had, thus far, “little immediate impact on relations among the great powers, but much larger consequences could flow from the tensions rising between the Russian Republic and the Baltic states. If Russia were to move militarily to protect its co-nationals in Estonia or Latvia, where they are now being mistreated, a cold peace would develop between Moscow and
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CEAUCESCU REGIME IN ROMANIA.
Term Paper ID:22760
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Essay Subject:
Examine's dictator's character, economic, social & foreign policies, repression, from 1965 through 1989 revolution.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
11 sources, 22 Citations,
MLA Format
$28.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examine's dictator's character, economic, social & foreign policies, repression, from 1965 through 1989 revolution.
Paper Introduction:
CEAUSESCU REGIME IN ROMANIA
This research paper presents the essential features of the regime of Nikolae Ceausescu in Romania (1965 1989). That period was the most macabre chapter in Romania's turbulent modern history. Ceausescu became Party Secretary in 1965 and ruled the country until he and his wife, Elena, were executed by a firing squad after they had been condemned to death by a secret military tribunal in the wake of the successful revolution of mid December, 1989. The Ceausescu regime was characterized by political repression, ruinous economic policies, an idiosyncratic foreign policy and a bizarre, divisive and ultra nationalistic social agenda.
Introduction
Ceausescu was born in 1918 in the province of Oltenia, a
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KAZAKHSTAN BUSINESS REFORM.
Term Paper ID:22708
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Essay Subject:
Examines former Soviet republic's privatization of large businesses, Soviet influences, fiscal & labor environments, funding, effectiveness, future.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
13 sources, 23 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines former Soviet republic's privatization of large businesses, Soviet influences, fiscal & labor environments, funding, effectiveness, future.
Paper Introduction:
PRIVATIZATION OF LARGE BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN KAZAKHSTAN
Introduction
This research examines the process and progress of the privatization of large business enterprise in Kazakhstan. Large business enterprise, as the term is used in this research, refers to industrial concerns. The findings of this examination are presented in discussions focusing on (1) the nature of the problem--the need for economic reform, (2) the process of reform--reform initiatives and implementation, (3) the progress of privatization--successes and failures, and (4) prognosis for the future of privatization in Kazakhstan.
Nature of the Problem: Need for Economic Reform
The mine wo
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REPUBLICS OF FORMER YUGOSLAVIA.
Term Paper ID:22678
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Essay Subject:
History of ethnic rivalries among Serbs, Croats & Muslims, civil war, religion, communism, govt., potential for peace.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
8 sources, 11 Citations,
APA Format
$32.00
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Paper Abstract:
History of ethnic rivalries among Serbs, Croats & Muslims, civil war, religion, communism, govt., potential for peace.
Paper Introduction:
Ethnic differences between the Balkan republics during the last century are the driving force behind today's war in the former Yugoslavia. Although once united in an uneasy peace with one another under a watered down communist regime, the republics have always been divided by ethnic, religious, and political differences. By the 1990s, these differences reached a flashpoint, and the Yugoslavian republics were headed on a collision course.
Because the Yugoslavian republics had been federally forced together despite their differences, what appeared as relative stability was, in fact, an explosion waiting to happen. Some of the differences leading to the ongoing bitterness and strife between the different republics will be examined. In addition, an overview of past communist rule will show that the republics have always struggled for autonomy, despite strong federal forces. Finally, a look at future possibilities will include a discussion of the probability of peace or continued war.
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AFGHANISTAN'S CIVIL WAR.
Term Paper ID:22666
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Essay Subject:
Compares views & political biases of five articles from 1993 to 1995 on war, role of U.S. & U.S.S.R., ethnic factions, cultural aspects.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
5 sources, 26 Citations,
APA Format
$24.00
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Paper Abstract:
Compares views & political biases of five articles from 1993 to 1995 on war, role of U.S. & U.S.S.R., ethnic factions, cultural aspects.
Paper Introduction:
Since the 1989 withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan, the country has been torn apart by civil war. Ethnic groups have been fighting a war characterized by shifting alliances and no sign that anyone can ever win. In addition to ethnic rivalries, there are religious disputes between Shi'a and Sunni Muslims. None of the factions seems interested in seceding from the state, although many, such as the Uzbeks and the Tajiks, live mainly in areas that border the 'home' nations of their ethnic groups. Western interest in Afghanistan dropped off once the Soviets fled and the wars are seldom reported in the Western daily press. Five articles on the civil war in Afghanistan are reviewed here. They range from August 1993 to July 1995. All are concerned with the same subject, but address it from different points of view.
The writers' perspectives range from the ultra-conservative
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TRANSITION FROM SOVIET TO RUSSIAN EDUCATION.
Term Paper ID:22653
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Essay Subject:
Analyzes changes in schooling after fall of Soviet Union, curriculum, reforms, ideology, aims & theories, administration, teaching methods, structure, special education, compared to U.S.... More...
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15 Pages / 3375 Words
9 sources, 31 Citations,
APA Format
$60.00
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Paper Abstract:
Analyzes changes in schooling after fall of Soviet Union, curriculum, reforms, ideology, aims & theories, administration, teaching methods, structure, special education, compared to U.S.
Paper Introduction:
TRANSITION FROM SOVIET TO RUSSIAN EDUCATION
Introduction
This research examines the transitions in education from the late-period of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic, a constituent state of the Soviet Union, to the early-period of the Russian Republic, a politically independent nation. The period covered in this research roughly spans the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s.
Problem Statement
The Soviet Union was an ideologically based state that both politicized and biased education as a part of governmental policy (Yegorov, 1993, p. 13). Modifications of this approach to education began in the Soviet Union prior to the collapse of Communist rule, as
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ECONOMIC REFORM IN UKRAINE.
Term Paper ID:22625
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Essay Subject:
Examines policies & problems from 1985 to 1995. Growth, politics, collapse of Soviet Union, perestroika, central control, incentives, leadership, liberalization.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
20 sources, 25 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$36.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines policies & problems from 1985 to 1995. Growth, politics, collapse of Soviet Union, perestroika, central control, incentives, leadership, liberalization.
Paper Introduction:
ECONOMIC REFORM IN UKRAINE
Introduction
This research examines economic reform in Ukraine. Ukraine became an independent country in December 1991, in the wake of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Economic reform in the Former Soviet Union was initiated prior to that country’s dissolution. Therefore, this examination of economic reform in Ukraine covers the period from 1985, when former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev initiated Soviet economic reform, through the fall of 1995.
Economic reform in Ukraine has been inhibited by both internal and external factors. Internally divisions within the country’s population over both the character and pace of economic reform has impeded implementation of change. Externally, Ukrain
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