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Essays on PHILOSOPHY: ANCIENT GREEK If the topic you are looking for is not on the list, get a Custom Research paper written just for you. PAGES: << 1 2 3 4 5 >> RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE STATE.   Term Paper ID:30000 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Describes the State/individual relationship as a key element in political philosophy.... More... 8 Pages / 1800 Words 5 sources, 6 Citations, MLA Format $32.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Describes the State/individual relationship as a key element in political philosoophy. Ideas of Plato as expressed in THE APOLOGY, the account of Socrates acceptance of a death sentence rather than giving up his way of life. Idea of moral duty and obedience to the laws of the state, even if the laws are unjust. Moral concept of right and wrong expressed in the CRITO. Socrates view of philosophy as the proper way to determine right from wrong. Paper Introduction: One of the key elements in political philosophy is the nature of the relationship between the individual and the state. Generally, this is related by a given philosopher to his or her view of the origin of the state, which in turn determines the nature of the obligation owed by the individual to the state. Plato holds that we live in a state and enjoy the protection of its laws and that this gives us an obligation to the state to obey its laws. Socrates is the voice by which Plato speaks, and there has always been some uncertainty as to the source of much of what Socrates has to say in the dialogues, whether Plato can be viewed more as a chronicler or as a philosopher putting words into the mouth of Socrates as a character. In any case, in The Apology, Socrates accepts a death sentence rather than recant his way of life. However, he is also given the option of paying Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. SOCRATIC INQUIRY AND THE MENO.   Term Paper ID:29943 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Analysis of issues raised in the MENO regarding how true knowledge can be recognized.... More... 6 Pages / 1350 Words 1 sources, 11 Citations, MLA Format $24.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Analysis of issues raised in the MENO regarding how true knowledge can be recognized. Plato's Socratic diaglogue and Meno's paradox of how one can know when correct answer is given in the philosophical realm. Role of inquiry. Socratic method. Whether virtue can be taught. Theory of recollection. Paper Introduction: The customary procedure in Plato's Socratic dialogues is for Socrates and another person to inquire into the nature of a particular virtue. But Plato's Socrates always begins these inquiries by announcing that he does not know beforehand what the nature of the virtue in question truly is. The question arises, therefore, how he can know, without any knowledge to guide him, how to conduct the inquiry and how he can recognize the correct answer if he manages to reach it. In the Meno Socrates' interlocutor Meno raises this issue and, after reformulating Meno's paradox, Socrates answers that all true knowledge is a matter of the recollection of knowledge obtained in previous lives and earlier forms of existence by the reincarnated soul. For true knowledge, therefore, the process known as learning is actually a process of uncovering or recollecting what the Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. ETHICAL SYSTEMS IN PHILOSOPHY.   Term Paper ID:29234 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Summarizes three systems.... More... 5 Pages / 1125 Words 6 sources, 11 Citations, APA Format $20.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Summarizes three systems. Application to business ethics. Aristotelian ethics that center on concept of happiness and pursuit of the good. Kantian ethics that proposes good will as an end to itself. Fair play and the categorical imperative. Ethics of John Stuart Mill and the Utilitarian philosophy. Principle of utility. Paper Introduction: Summary of Three Ethical Systems in Philosophy Aristotelian Ethics Aristotle’s Eudaimonism is an ethical system that centers on the concept of happiness, but most specifically addresses the belief that the pursuit of the “good” is man’s most important activity (Holowchak, 2001). Happiness is not a product of action, but consists of an end in itself and a mode of living. Happiness and its pursuit is an activity or set of activities; ethics, in this system, aims not at knowledge of happiness, but rather at making men good. Aristotle saw the pursuit of happiness as involving the acquisition and exercise of excellence at two distinct and related levels: one corresponding to excellence of thought and one corresponding to excellence of character. In developing Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. PHILOSOPHICAL WISDOM.   Term Paper ID:29202 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Ideas of Plato and Henry David Thoreau.... More... 3 Pages / 675 Words 2 sources, 8 Citations, APA Format $12.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Ideas of Plato and Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau's argument that the self must be known in order to achieve wisdom. Spiritual freedom of self-knowledge found in nature. Socrates' thesis that wisdom can be achieved by people seeking their own answers to questions; virtue as knowledge. Plato's PHAEDO, MENO, APOLOGY, CRITO. Paper Introduction: Knowledge of the Self & Wisdom Plato and Henry David Thoreau In Henry David Thoreau’s Walden, we find that most people lack wisdom because they spend their lives following superficially pursuits based on materialism and custom, “The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation” (Thoreau, 2002, I). Such individuals are never truly wise, according to Thoreau, because they never actually experience reality. Reality is discovered only by separating the self from artificial constructions like city, economy, and family. This is achieved by direct communion with nature where one finds an environment in which to discover the essential facts of life. Thoreau argues that in order to achieve this kind of highest wisdom, we must know ourselves. Civilized man and societies repress and suppress the very spontaneity and w Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. CRITO.   Term Paper ID:29134 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Socrates ' argument.... More... 4 Pages / 900 Words 1 sources, 1 Citations, MLA Format $16.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Socrates' argument. His decision to reject Crito's help and remain in prison, facing the death penalty. Crito's emotional argument. Socrates' reliance on reason, not emotion. Socrates' belief that he must be consistent in his adherence to truth and justice even if it means his death. His actions must back up his teachings. Paper Introduction: In Crito, Socrates argues against Crito, saying that he should not accept Crito's help in escaping from prison to avoid the death penalty that has been decreed. Socrates is under the death penalty for what the authorities see as his attempt to corrupt the young with his dialogues, a charge of impiety against the state. Basically, Socrates argues that the individual has a higher duty to the truth, to justice, to goodness, and to the city, than he does to the instinct to survive, or to friends and family. Crito's arguments are emotional and not grounded in the reason upon which Socrates has based his whole life. Socrates is saying that he has honored reason and its use as a tool to find the truth and expose lies all his life. If he were to turn his back on reason, and follow Crito's emotional call to flee to live Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. "SOCRATES' LAST ERROR."   Term Paper ID:29133 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Critiques Miroslav Ivanovic's analysis.... More... 4 Pages / 900 Words 1 sources, 0 Citations, MLA Format $16.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Critiques Miroslav Ivanovic's analysis. Ivanovic's deconstruction and unfair categorizing of Socrates' argument. Claims Miroslav ignores the spiritual aspects, the deliberate contradictions, irony and humor of Socrates argument. Socrates quality of critique. Problem of the unjust law and Socrates response to it. Paper Introduction: The first major problem in Miroslav Ivanovic's "Socrates' Last Error" is that he does not give enough credit to the irony and creativity of Socrates' arguments. Ivanovic seeks to categorize into a entirely and exclusively legal or rational argument. In doing so, he ignores the spiritual aspects of Socrates argument, the deliberate contradictions, the irony, even the good-hearted humor. Socrates is presenting a masterful painting of life and truth and the relationship of the just man to the city in which he lives, and Ivanovic is deconstructing and categorizing that masterpiece in little chunks to fit his preconceived notion of what Socrates is trying to do. To Ivanovic, Socrates is simply making a legal brief, or a logical argument. However, it is clear that Socrates is after far more serious Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. ARISTOTLE & MODERN PSYCHOLOGY.   Term Paper ID:28402 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Aristotle's worldview & model for human behavior; the soul. Freud's criticism of Aristotle.... More... 5 Pages / 1125 Words 6 sources, 8 Citations, APA Format $20.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Aristotle's worldview & model for human behavior; the soul. Freud's criticism of Aristotle. Paper Introduction: Aristotle and Modern Psychology Introduction Psychology, as we think of it, was not a preoccupation of most people until very recently. As Malina (1981) pointed out in his discussion of the pre-Christian worldview, personality at that time was flattened out, viewed as more dyadic than layered. It was also not separate from the body. The emphasis was external, rather than internal, with a focus on shame, honor, family, clan, and hierarchy, rather than on one's own internal functioning. However, there was a conception of psychology, although quite different from that of modern psychology. As with so many things in the intellectual lineage of the Western world, this conception is associated with the thought of Aristotle. Aristotle's viewpo Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. Aristotle: "Nicomachean Ethics"   Term Paper ID:27769 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics" deals with, among other things, the distinction between moral and intellectual virtue. This discusses the distinction with a special emphasis on voluntary and involuntary actions.... More... 6 Pages / 1350 Words 1 sources, 4 Citations, APA Format $24.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics" deals with, among other things, the distinction between moral and intellectual virtue. This discusses the distinction with a special emphasis on voluntary and involuntary actions. Paper Introduction: In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle carefully considers the issue of responsibility and finds that the human being is indeed responsible for his or her actions. In fact, humans may be morally culpable even for unintended consequences. However, Aristotle makes a distinction between moral virtue and intellectual virtue. The essential difference between the two is that intellectual virtue can be instilled by teaching in the course of life; moral virtue, however, does not work this way, and comes only through intended habits. In other words, in order to form moral virtue, the individual must consciously choose to act in a virtuous manner. The individual is responsible both for his or her moral disposition and also for the manner in which moral questions are decided by him or her. Indeed, this is seen as a natural process so th Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. ETHICS - Aristotle on Personal Responsibility   Term Paper ID:27584 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Review of Aristotle's ETHICS with an emphasis on personal responsibility & moral culpability.... More... 3 Pages / 675 Words 1 sources, 2 Citations, APA Format $12.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Review of Aristotle's ETHICS with an emphasis on personal responsibility & moral culpability. Paper Introduction: In the Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle carefully considers the issue of responsibility and finds that the human being is indeed responsible for his or her actions and may be morally culpable even for unintended consequences. This applies both to the private conduct of individuals and to the conduct of legislators acting for the public good. For Aristotle, acting unjustly is tantamount to wishing to act unjustly. The individual is responsible both for his or her moral disposition and also for the manner in which moral questions are decided by him or her. Indeed, this is seen as a natural process so that the individual is born with the ability to differentiate between good and evil. For Aristotle, it does not matter whether the individual is born capable of differentiating good from evil or that this is ingrained by society over time as the individual grows Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. The Question of Immortality & Possibility of Life After Death   Term Paper ID:27532 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Discusses outlook of Socrates concerning life after death in Plato's Phaedo. Presents his argument that immortality must be accepted by the reasoning man.... More... 4 Pages / 900 Words 1 sources, 3 Citations, TURABIAN Format $16.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Discusses outlook of Socrates concerning life after death in Plato's Phaedo. Presents his argument that immortality must be accepted by the reasoning man. Paper Introduction: In the Phaedo, Plato addresses a question that has interested man probably since man became aware of death, the question of the immortality of the soul and of the possibility of life after death. Plato sees this idea of the immortality of the soul as one that has to be accepted by reasoning man. In the Phaedo, Socrates, representing Plato's position, believes in the eternal life of the soul and guides the discussion in the direction of accepting this idea, offering as he does so several proofs for the immortality of the soul. Immortality was a subject of immediate interest to Socrates at this time because this discussion takes place on the last day Socrates is to spend in prison before his execution. Socrates does not fear death because he has complete faith in immortality. He wants to convince his followers to believe in immortality as well. In part, he wants them to be free Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. Epicureanism   Term Paper ID:27287 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Describes the philosophy of Epicurus, which held that a life of pleasure was the highest good. Discusses the strong moral sense that differentiates Epicureanism from Hedonism.... More... 4 Pages / 900 Words 1 sources, 0 Citations, MLA Format $16.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Describes the philosophy of Epicurus, which held that a life of pleasure was the highest good. Discusses the strong moral sense that differentiates Epicureanism from Hedonism. Paper Introduction: Epicureanism is a philosophy which emphasizes that freedom from pain in the body and from trouble in the mind should be the goal of a happy life. This was the philosophy taught by the Greek philosopher Epicurus, who lived from 341 to 270 BC. Many people assume that Epicureanism is simply a devotion to pleasure, comfort, and high living with little thought for the consequences, but the truth is more complex. Indeed, this should be seen in the fact that Epicurus was seen in his lifetime and for centuries afterward as a moral reformer, for the ideas he had on how a person should live were based on his understanding of the natural world and on his beliefs about the relationship between body and soul. Epicureanism is an appealing philosophy because of its moral sense combined with its understanding of the need of the human being for a happy life as an overriding goal witho Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. The Golden Mean   Term Paper ID:27250 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Reviews Aristotle's ETHICS, focusing on Aristotle's definition of virtue as the "golden mean." Examines this definition & criticizes its validity.... More... 7 Pages / 1575 Words 1 sources, 20 Citations, APA Format $28.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Reviews Aristotle's ETHICS, focusing on Aristotle's definition of virtue as the "golden mean." Examines this definition & criticizes its validity. Paper Introduction: Aristotle described a remarkable set of criteria to delineate between good and bad people in his work entitled, Ethics. Aristotle believed that the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain were important yard sticks in measuring virtuous and continent people, whom he believed were of strong moral character, and vicious and incontinent people, whom he described as dangerous and immoral. 100 pages into Ethics, Aristotle finally provides his definition of virtue: So virtue is a purposive disposition, lying in a mean that is relative to us and determined by a rationale principle, and by that which a prudent man would use to determine it. It is a mean between two kinds of vice, one of excess and the other of deficiency; and also for this reason, that whereas these vices fall short of or exceed the right Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. The Trial of Socrates   Term Paper ID:27128 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Discusses the charges against Socrates & his defense against those charges. Reviews the life, thoughts, & deeds of Socrates that led to his trial.... More... 3 Pages / 675 Words 3 sources, 8 Citations, APA Format $12.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Discusses the charges against Socrates & his defense against those charges. Reviews the life, thoughts, & deeds of Socrates that led to his trial. Paper Introduction: The Trial of Socrates Introduction Possibly no trial in the annals of Western Legal Tradition has intrigued legal scholars and the academic community in general more than the Trial of Socrates. A 1988 article in Time Magazine said this: In its impact on the minds and emotions of Western man, it is an event that can be compared only to the Passion and death of Jesus. After a lifetime devoted to the pursuit of truth and virtue, Socrates, at age 70, is put on trial, charged with dishonoring the gods and corrupting the youth of Athens. The sage makes an eloquent plea in self-defense but is nonetheless found guilty and condemned to die (Elson, 1988, 66). Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. "THE LAST DAYS OF SOCRATES" (PLATO).   Term Paper ID:27000 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Examines dialogues in which Socrates faces death, accepts his fate, defends & explains himself & his philosophy.... More... 4 Pages / 900 Words 1 sources, 2 Citations, MLA Format $16.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Examines dialogues in which Socrates faces death, accepts his fate, defends & explains himself & his philosophy. Paper Introduction: Several of the dialogues of Plato recount the trial, sentence, and execution of Socrates, with his friends gathered around. An image of the man emerges from these dialogues showing him to be a person of fierce integrity, a man who would rather die than consider himself dishonored, and a man who charges his friends to allow him to live life as he sees fit. Even as Socrates challenges aspects of the society of Athens, he demonstrates the importance of certain values in that society both in his own person and even in the charges brought against him, however incorrect those charges may be. Portions of Socrates's trial are presented in The Apology. Socrates speaks to his friends after he has been condemned and while in prison awaiting execution in The Crito. Athenian society is shown in these dialogues to be a society based on law, dedicated to the Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. "CATEGORIES" (ARISTOTLE).   Term Paper ID:26985 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Examines ideas on knowledge, reason, the Forms, subjects & predicates, substance, compared to Plato.... More... 7 Pages / 1575 Words 1 sources, 9 Citations, MLA Format $28.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Examines ideas on knowledge, reason, the Forms, subjects & predicates, substance, compared to Plato. Paper Introduction: Aristotle differed from his teacher, Plato, in his emphasis on the supremacy of observation and on concrete reality. He sought to learn all that was possible about the reality perceivable by the senses, and the logic he developed was an effort directed at this end. He sought to develop a universal method of reasoning in order to learn everything possible about reality, and in his Categories he sets out a scheme to describe particular things by identifying them in terms of their properties, states, and activities. Plato approached the issue of knowledge and found that ideas, as he used the term, are not only something in human consciousness but something outside it as well. Platonic Ideas are subjective and do not depend on human thought but exist entirely in their own right. They are perfect patterns that Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. ARISTOTLE'S TELEOLOGY.   Term Paper ID:26980 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Examines Greek philosopher's ideas on final causes. Types of causes, freedom of choice, ethics, luck, motion & change, necessity.... More... 8 Pages / 1800 Words 1 sources, 6 Citations, MLA Format $32.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Examines Greek philosopher's ideas on final causes. Types of causes, freedom of choice, ethics, luck, motion & change, necessity. Paper Introduction: Teleology is the doctrine that final causes exist. There are different schools of thought concerning this issue. One school of thought is represented by various materialists, determinists, and behaviorists who believe that human behavior is no different from anything else in nature and so is subject to the same categories of explanation as are used in any of the natural sciences. This means that human behavior is shaped by natural causes, by physical forces of the same sort that guide objects. There is an opposing school of thought which includes both the ordinary language philosophers and many teleologists and libertarians, and they find that actions can never be explained mechanistically because they believe that an action can be defined only in terms of its ends, meaning it is to be represented by the agents' intentions, and therefore the action Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. "APOLOGY" (PLATO).   Term Paper ID:26892 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Examines Socrates' defense of philosophy & for his own methods of teaching Athenian youth.... More... 3 Pages / 675 Words 1 sources, 5 Citations, MLA Format $12.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Examines Socrates' defense of philosophy & for his own methods of teaching Athenian youth. Paper Introduction: In Plato's Apology, Socrates is charged as an "evil-doer who . . . makes the worse appear the better cause; and he teaches the aforesaid doctrines to others" (65). It is also charged that Socrates "corrupts the youth; and who does not believe in the gods of the state, but has other new divinities of his own" (74). Clearly, then, if true, from the point of view of the state, Socrates is a traitor to the state because if he is successful in his efforts he will cause many people, especially impressionable youth, to question the very authority of the state, which could lead to rebellion against the state. Whether this is what Socrates intends, this is nevertheless the way his prosecutors see his efforts. In fact, considering that Socrates could have easily fled and saved his life, his actions and decisions right up to the moment of his death are testimony to his loyalty to the Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. "APOLOGY" (PLATO).   Term Paper ID:26845 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Examines Socrates' defense of philosophy & his own work as he faces death for impiety & corrupting youth.... More... 4 Pages / 900 Words 1 sources, 8 Citations, MLA Format $16.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Examines Socrates' defense of philosophy & his own work as he faces death for impiety & corrupting youth. Paper Introduction: Socrates was put to death in part because of the charges brought against him, and in part because he refused the offer of friends to whisk him into exile. While he disagreed that he had committed the crimes with which he was charged, he nevertheless saw it as his duty to stay and defend himself and to accept whatever finding the state came to in his case. He felt that to flee the charges and the punishment would be to deny everything he had stood for in his life and his work. He notes that he is charged with being an "evil-doer who . . . makes the worse appear the better cause; and he teaches the aforesaid doctrines to others" (65). It is also charged that he "corrupts the youth; and . . . does not believe in the gods of the state, but has other new divinities of his own" (74). Socrates argues that the charges are false, that they were Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. ARISTOTLE ON SOUL-BODY RELATIONSHIP.   Term Paper ID:26791 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Philosopher's ideas on dualism vs. harmony of mind & body, methodology, earlier theories, causes, perception.... More... 7 Pages / 1575 Words 3 sources, 3 Citations, MLA Format $28.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Philosopher's ideas on dualism vs. harmony of mind & body, methodology, earlier theories, causes, perception. Paper Introduction: The soul-body relationship has been addressed by a number of philosophers over the centuries an remains a key question. Plato held that the soul and body were separate and that the soul was released from the body at death. In the Phaedo, Socrates first argues that death releases the soul from the body, an opportunity for the true philosopher. The body is described as a fragile thing which houses the soul only until the soul can be freed: For the body is a source of endless trouble to us by reason of the mere requirement of food; and is liable also to diseases which overtake and impede us in the search after true being. . . (Buchanan 203). Following both Plato and Aristotle in some degree, Boethius offered a Christian conception: Human souls are of necessity more free when they Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. "TRIAL & DEATH OF SOCRATES" (PLATO).   Term Paper ID:26526 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Examines Socrates the man & thinker as he faces judgment & death, as depicted in four Platonic dialogues.... More... 5 Pages / 1125 Words 1 sources, 0 Citations, MLA Format $20.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Examines Socrates the man & thinker as he faces judgment & death, as depicted in four Platonic dialogues. Paper Introduction: Several of the dialogues of Plato recount the trial, sentence, and execution of Socrates, with his friends gathered around. An image of the man emerges from these dialogues showing him to be a person of fierce integrity, a man who would rather die than consider himself dishonored, and a man who charges his friends to allow him to live life as he sees fit. Even as Socrates challenges aspects of the society of Athens, he demonstrates the importance of certain values in that society both in his own person and even in the charges brought against him, however incorrect those charges may be. Socrates believes the unexamined life is not worth living, and if he accepts the right of the court to judge his thoughts, he has lost his integrity. Socrates is a poor man who is rich in intellect and in dedication. His followers carry on his ideas for him, and thoug Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. EQUALITY IN ANCIENT GREECE.   Term Paper ID:26330 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Examines lives & views of Socrates & Aristotle on concept & practice of political equality, democracy, slavery.... More... 9 Pages / 2025 Words 6 sources, 34 Citations, MLA Format $36.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Examines lives & views of Socrates & Aristotle on concept & practice of political equality, democracy, slavery. Paper Introduction: Socrates (469-399 BCE) and Aristotle (384-322 BCE), two of the most influential of the ancient Greek philosophers, were suspicious of the idea of equality. Socrates did not care for the idea in general, and Aristotle thought it could, within a state, yield new forms of abuse of power. Equality, as they conceived of it, was very different from modern Western conceptions of the principle of the universal, inalienable rights of all individuals. And, although ancient Greece is often regarded as the birthplace of democracy, this form of government was very different from the way the modern industrialized world thinks of it. The concept of equality that was one basis of Greek ideas of democracy assumed that all citizens were equal. But, since foreigners, women, and slaves were not allowed to become citizens, democracy meant equality among those who-- Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. SOPHISTS' MORALITY.   Term Paper ID:24957 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Defends Sophists' view that good & bad are not objective values but are determined by custom & preference.... More... 6 Pages / 1350 Words 3 sources, 8 Citations, MLA Format $24.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Defends Sophists' view that good & bad are not objective values but are determined by custom & preference. Paper Introduction: This study will evaluate and defend the Sophist view that virtually nothing is good or bad by nature, but that good and bad are matters of custom and preference. The Sophists believed that nothing universal or absolute can be known about good or bad, simply because to them everything is relative and subjective, and depends on individual and cultural perception. With the endless contradictions among men regarding definitions of good and bad, the Sophists concluded that nothing could be known absolutely in terms of ethics or in any other significant category of inquiry. Like Socrates, the Sophists turned to the study of man and human behavior, turning away from the material world of nature which the earlier Greek philosophers had studied. The study of the material world would seem more likely to yield definite conclusions than the study of human behavior, but even the Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. "NICOMACHEAN ETHICS" (ARISTOTLE).   Term Paper ID:24843 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Examines ideas on what makes a moral or immoral individual. Action, habit, education, example (Charles Manson).... More... 6 Pages / 1350 Words 1 sources, 9 Citations, MLA Format $24.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Examines ideas on what makes a moral or immoral individual. Action, habit, education, example (Charles Manson). Paper Introduction: Aristotle, in Nicomachean Ethics, argues that the individual of moral virtue possesses and demonstrates in his behavior certain qualities (self-control, generosity, courage, magnificence, wisdom, gentleness, truthfulness, etc.). The individual comes to possess such morally virtuous qualities of thought and behavior not merely through some innate quality, but through habitual action, just as the morally vicious person comes to possess qualities of vice through habitually vicious actions. To possess the virtue of wisdom, in other words, is to take an action of wisdom again and again. To possess the vice of self-indulgence, one takes self-indulgent actions repeatedly. Moral virtue is demonstrated not by an occasional act of wisdom, for example, but by repeated acts of wisdom: Moral virtue . . . is formed by habit. . . . None of Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. "DIALOGUES CONCERNING NATURAL RELIGION" (DAVID HUME).   Term Paper ID:24783 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Analyzes author's examination of the design argument for existence of God.... More... 9 Pages / 2025 Words 1 sources, 28 Citations, MLA Format $36.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Analyzes author's examination of the design argument for existence of God. Paper Introduction: The purpose of this research is to examine David Hume's treatment of the design argument for the existence of God, contained in Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. The plan of the research will be to set forth the essential steps of the argument made by Cleanthes, who in the Dialogues is advocating the design argument, and then to discuss various refutations of the argument made by Philo, with a view toward suggesting which line of argument seems stronger, whether within Hume's text or from the point of view of outside critique of that text. The argument from design for the existence of God that Cleanthes makes derives from the rational human experience of the found universe. The steps of the argument may be summarized: 1. The created/found universe demonstrates order and an "curious adapting [elsewhere adjustment] of means to ends, throu Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. PLATO & ARISTOTLE ON POLITICS.   Term Paper ID:24720 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Compares views on ideal govt., justice, virtue, education.... More... 6 Pages / 1350 Words 2 sources, 14 Citations, MLA Format $24.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Compares views on ideal govt., justice, virtue, education. Paper Introduction: Justice is a function not of actions or behavior as such--and by implication not of material experience more generally--but rather of the just conceptualization, which must precede the just action if the action and the one who performs it are to be considered authentically just, either by oneself or by others: [Justice] . . . is not a matter of external behaviour, but of the inward self . . . . The just man . . . sets his house in order, by self-mastery and discipline . . . . Only when he has linked these parts together in well-tempered harmony . . . will he be ready to go about whatever he may have to do, whether it be making money . . . or the affairs of state (Plato 141-2). The mechanism of harmony in personal and civic relationships is political education and desire for wisdom, a "constant passion for a Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. SLAVERY IN ARISTOTLE.   Term Paper ID:24719 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Examines philosopher's social, political & moral rationale for slavery & man's rule over women in household.... More... 6 Pages / 1350 Words 1 sources, 18 Citations, MLA Format $24.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Examines philosopher's social, political & moral rationale for slavery & man's rule over women in household. Paper Introduction: Aristotle's treatment of politics and rule begins, not with a discussion of elections and public administration but rather with a treatment of property, and not real (land) or personal (movable) property but rather persons as property, or slaves. Slaves are classified, not according as they do physical labor but according as they belong to (hence are subordinate to) part of a fundamental environment of rational human experience, the management of the household. The treatment of slaves as an aspect of household management is crucial because Aristotle conceptualizes the household in the same manner as he conceptualizes the political environment, as the highest and best expression of human rationality. Human rationality is a naturally occurring, organic structure, and so are its products. For example, Aristotle refers to th Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. "CONSOLATION OF PHILOSOPHY, THE" (BOETHIUS).   Term Paper ID:24712 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Critical analysis of 6th Cent. Roman's poetic defense & praise of philosophy as means to happiness.... More... 8 Pages / 1800 Words 1 sources, 11 Citations, MLA Format $32.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Critical analysis of 6th Cent. Roman's poetic defense & praise of philosophy as means to happiness. Paper Introduction: Boethius, in The Consolation of Philosophy, is simply trying to apply his reason to human existence in order to make sense of that existence in a world which seems to champion evil and defy justice and goodness. The author depicts himself as a man torn by the misfortunes of life, finding some relief if not happiness in the pleasures of poetry. Poetry does not help him make sense of his suffering but at least gives him the opportunity to express his pain: "Poetry, which was once the glory of my happy and flourishing youth, is still my comfort in this misery of my old age" (3). However, immediately, philosophy comes to him in a vision as Lady Philosophy, offering him more than poetry could ever offer, namely the opportunity to make rational sense of the world as a means of transcending his suffering instead of wallowing in it. Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. CICERO'S LEGAL THEORY.   Term Paper ID:24526 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Examines Roman's philosopher's thoughts on law & state, influences, historical & cultural contexts.... More... 6 Pages / 1350 Words 5 sources, 19 Citations, MLA Format $24.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Examines Roman's philosopher's thoughts on law & state, influences, historical & cultural contexts. Paper Introduction: The purpose of this research is to examine Cicero's concept of law and the relation between his theory of law and his idea of the state. The plan of the research will be to set forth the biographical and historical context in which Cicero's views emerged, and then to discuss the pattern of ideas informing Cicero's legal theory and the means by which these ideas overlap and converge with his idea of the state. Cicero's life and work were circumscribed by the limits of territorial acquisition in the last years of Roman republicanism, which was to become the basis for Roman imperial administration and political organization, and the decline of that same republic. Cicero's death was connected partly to Rome's making the violent transition in governance structure away from aristocratic republicanism per se and toward monarchy, and partly to th Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. "REPUBLIC" (PLATO).   Term Paper ID:24488 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Analyzes blueprint for ideal society based on justice, collectivism, control of education & art, censorship, elimination of strife.... More... 7 Pages / 1575 Words 1 sources, 7 Citations, MLA Format $28.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Analyzes blueprint for ideal society based on justice, collectivism, control of education & art, censorship, elimination of strife. Paper Introduction: Plato's Republic describes a society that is completely rational, based on Plato's concept of the good life and developed to create and protect that sort of life within the context of a civil state. What Plato seeks in this dialogue is a definition of the perfect life and the perfect state to promote and sustain that life. The Ideal State is a concept and not a reality, either in Plato's time or since. Plato lived in a time of turmoil and warfare, and he created a society that would be free of strife if it lived up to the ideal. It seems likely that few people today would want to live in the society Plato proposes, and this may be because Plato ignores or subsumes human nature. one of the elements Plato sees as necessary to his perfect state is a powerful and extensive censorship to control certain forces in the populace and to reduce the sort of individualism we prize Read the Entire Essay. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Match: All Any Boolean Search for: or We can write a Custom Essay for you. CICERO'S POLITICAL THEORY.   Term Paper ID:24440 Buy This Paper Essay Subject: Ancient Roman philosopher-statesman's concepts of govt., justice, common good.... More... 8 Pages / 1800 Words 10 sources, 12 Citations, MLA Format $32.00 Read this research paper. Paper Abstract: Ancient Roman philosopher-statesman's concepts of govt., justice, common good. Paper Introduction: Justice and the Common Good in the Political Theory of Cicero Of the great statesmen/orators in the history of Rome, Marcus Tullius Cicero stands out as one of the more conservative. While he was aware of the changing fortunes and political atmosphere of Rome, he constantly looked to the past and the great ideals of those who had proceeded him in order to flesh out his conception of the ideal state. In the words of Robert Bell, his great oratorical skills were in “the best political tradition of his ancestors, manipulating by appearing not to manipulate, so long as the conservative cause was served” (Cape 274). Cicero was particularly influenced by Plato’s conception of the city-state, having had the goal of “putting Greek speculation into Roman dress for the benefit of his contemporaries” (Wilson, 9). He fervently Read the Entire Essay. 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