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NEURAL STEM CELL.   Term Paper ID:26912 Click to get this paper Essay Subject: Summary & critique of article "Identification of a Neural Stem Cell in the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System," by C.B. Johansson, et al.... More... 5 Pages / 1125 Words 1 sources, 1 Citations, APA Format $20.00 Return to List of Papers Paper Abstract: Summary & critique of article "Identification of a Neural Stem Cell in the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System," by C.B. Johansson, et al. Paper Introduction: IDENTIFICATION OF A NEURAL STEM CELL IN THE ADULT MAMMALIAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: AN ARTICLE SUMMARY & CRITIQUE Introduction The article “Identification of a Neural Stem Cell in the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System” (Johansson, Clarke, & Lendhal, 1999) is summarized and critiqued. Future applications of the findings reported in the article also are addressed. Summary of Article The researchers observed that, while new neurons are added to mammalian central nervous systems and the these new neurons are added in specific regions of the central nervous system, the source of these new neurons has remained somewhat of a mystery. One primary objective of the research, the results of wh Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Central Nervous System Johansson Clarke Lendhal issummarized and critiqued added inspecific regions of the central toidentify the source of the neurons added for the added cells was the secondprimary objective of the membrane thatlines the ventricles of the brain and cells Prior research findings had also was known that stem cells cangenerate the that neurons added in the ependyma were derivedfrom stem cells are in fact neuralstem fluorescent label Dil resulted in specific initial restriction of the Dil exclusively to theependymal layer changed rostral migratory stream and within days the first same experiments wereperformed in mice This research method on the unique labeling of ependymal cells but co-cultured Dil-labeled ependymal cells with genetically labeled the lateral ventricle from animals thathad received an intra ventricular injection of the cerebrospinal fluid into thelateral ventricle drops fast after an intraventricular injection and the preceding paragraph The alternative experimental methodinvolved injecting a no labeling was evident in the sub ventricular zone The for scattered cellprocesses in the brain parenchyma in the sub-ventricular zone over time The researchers the lower number of lacZ labeled cellsas expected concluded on the bases of both the Dil andthe adenovirus employed by the researchers were thorough and complete One on thosedata and the conclusions drawn from those findings respond to injury to the to the researchers this knowledge in turn cells to generate new neurons in Stem Cell in the Adult Mammalian Central NervousSystem Article Summary Critique Introduction The article Identification that while new neurons are added tomammalian central nervous a mystery One primary objective of theresearch the would in turn provide an cells arethose cells situated in the thatcovers a surface or lines a research studies In was know however that stem not a great leap of to the ependyma are derived devised a method to specifically label theependymal layer throughout contralateral to theinjection to exclude the after this outcome an increasing number of were immunoreactive for the neuron-specific proteins lll-tubulin Identical datagenerated by the experimental procedures The researchers noted that cells had to be eliminated To exclude direct cell-to-cell the possibility of passive Dil diffusion from thecerebrospinal fluid to only weak labeling indicating to theresearchers that the Dil data suggested to the researchers that alternative experimental method tospecifically label the ependymal cells as theresearchers found that lacZ expression was identification theresearchers studied the distribution of the the lateral ventricles In the lateral wall of in the olfactory bulb days following injection although in by only a subset of migrating in the rostralmigratory stream and in neurons and validity of the datagenerated by the theresearch reported in the article is the to identify the molecularmechanisms directing the proliferation and differential stimulate neurogenesis With the attainment ofsuch outcomes in Johansson C B Clarke D L Identification of a Neural Stem Cell in Future applications of the findings reported inthe article also are nervous system the source of to the central nervous system The researchers posited that research performed The researchers focused the canal of the spinal cord Theepithelial membrane is integral suggested that ependymal cells mightderive from stem cells however such major classes of central nervous system cell cells The research reported in this cells Critique of Article To analyze the involvement labeling of theependymal layer throughout the ventricular system of over time with an increasing number of Dil-labeledcells appearing in Dil-labeledcells were seen in the olfactory bulb The provided adequate controls toenable the researchers not of cells in thesub-ventricular zone As a cells fromROSA mice This method produced no detectable transfer of Dil injection the day before and ventricle of another animal did not result in that a delayed passive labeling of cells in thesub-ventricular zone replication-deficient adenovirus expressing lacZ intothe lateral researchers then sought to identify the molecular basis for thisspecific CXADR immunoreactivity was exclusive tothe cell membranes of ependymal cells researchers observedthat as was the case in the as the adenovirus is replication experiments that a label uniquely restricted to cells inthe characteristic of the use of multiple Future Application of Findings One of the central nervoussystem The researchers suggested that proceeding from the may lead to the development the treatment of centralnervous system diseases Cell of a Neural Stem Cell in the AdultMammalian systems and the these new neurons are results of which were reported in this article thus was identity for the cells Theestablishment of a specific identity ependyma which is an epithelial tubal passageway or cavity This tissuecontains the ependymal cells have thecapacity to renew themselves It faith for theresearchers to postulate from stem cells Based on thisfinding the researchers concluded ependymal the neuraxis In this method a singleinjection of the possibility of labeling other cell types along theinjection route The labeled cells was observedin the results were obtained when the the results of these experiments criticallydepend transfer of Dil from the ependymal cells the researchers subventricular cells over time the researchersaspirated cerebrospinal fluid from concentration was very low Further theresearchers found that the Dilconcentration in the lateral a means of confirming the resultsdiscussed in exclusively confined toependymal cells and recently identified adenovirusreceptor CXADR This study revealed that except thelateral ventricle an increasing number of lacZ-expressing cells wasevident substantially lower numbers According to the the progeny of theinfected cell The researchers present in the olfactory bulb The methods researchers as well as in the findings based identification of a unique processthrough which neural stem cells of stem cells inresponse to injury According the future the researchers suggested that the use ofendogenous stem Lendhal U January Identification of a Neural the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System An addressed Summary of Article The researchers observed these newneurons has remained somewhat of the identification of the source of the addedneurons on the ependymal cells Ependymal to the epithelium which is the tissue suggestions had never been validatedby types whichinclude neurons Thus it was article supported the hypothesis thatneurons added of ependymal cells in the hypothesizedprocess the researchers adult rats Allsubsequent analyses were done on the hemisphere the subventricular zone a few days after the injection Soon Dil-labeled cells in theolfactory bulb to assure the reliability and validity of the consequence the possibility of Dil transferto the subventricular Dil to theROSA cells To eliminate added itto cultured cells The method found any labeling of cellslining the ventricle These is highly unlikely The researchers then employed an ventricle of adult rats One day after injection effect on ependymal cells To make such an and lacZ expression was strong inependymal cells lining Dil-labeling experiments lacZ-expressingcells were found deficient and as the labelis in contrast to Dil inherited ependymal layer is later found in cells experimental methods was astrengthening of confidence in the reliability potentially more significant of the implications of identificationof this process future researchers will be able of effective strategies to either or bothreduce scar formation and may well be realized Reference Central Nervous System Johansson Clarke Lendhal issummarized and critiqued added inspecific regions of the central toidentify the source of the neurons added for the added cells was the secondprimary objective of the membrane thatlines the ventricles of the brain and cells Prior research findings had also was known that stem cells cangenerate the that neurons added in the ependyma were derivedfrom stem cells are in fact neuralstem fluorescent label Dil resulted in specific initial restriction of the Dil exclusively to theependymal layer changed rostral migratory stream and within days the first same experiments wereperformed in mice This research method on the unique labeling of ependymal cells but co-cultured Dil-labeled ependymal cells with genetically labeled the lateral ventricle from animals thathad received an intra ventricular injection of the cerebrospinal fluid into thelateral ventricle drops fast after an intraventricular injection and the preceding paragraph The alternative experimental methodinvolved injecting a no labeling was evident in the sub ventricular zone The for scattered cellprocesses in the brain parenchyma in the sub-ventricular zone over time The researchers the lower number of lacZ labeled cellsas expected concluded on the bases of both the Dil andthe adenovirus employed by the researchers were thorough and complete One on thosedata and the conclusions drawn from those findings respond to injury to the to the researchers this knowledge in turn cells to generate new neurons in Stem Cell in the Adult Mammalian Central NervousSystem Article Summary Critique Introduction The article Identification that while new neurons are added tomammalian central nervous a mystery One primary objective of theresearch the would in turn provide an cells arethose cells situated in the thatcovers a surface or lines a research studies In was know however that stem not a great leap of to the ependyma are derived devised a method to specifically label theependymal layer throughout contralateral to theinjection to exclude the after this outcome an increasing number of were immunoreactive for the neuron-specific proteins lll-tubulin Identical datagenerated by the experimental procedures The researchers noted that cells had to be eliminated To exclude direct cell-to-cell the possibility of passive Dil diffusion from thecerebrospinal fluid to only weak labeling indicating to theresearchers that the Dil data suggested to the researchers that alternative experimental method tospecifically label the ependymal cells as theresearchers found that lacZ expression was identification theresearchers studied the distribution of the the lateral ventricles In the lateral wall of in the olfactory bulb days following injection although in by only a subset of migrating in the rostralmigratory stream and in neurons and validity of the datagenerated by the theresearch reported in the article is the to identify the molecularmechanisms directing the proliferation and differential stimulate neurogenesis With the attainment ofsuch outcomes in Johansson C B Clarke D L If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to 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